A free radical is an unstable molecule that is missing an electron. A free radical may attack nearby molecules to satisfy itself. When a free radical attacks and steals an electron from another molecule it damages the other molecule in a process called oxidation (stealing of electrons).
Some free radicals like Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and Nitric Oxide (NO•) have important functions inside your cells. For example, Hydrogen Peroxide is used by your immune cells to kill bacteria. Nitric Oxide is a signaling molecule that is involved in many processes inside your body, one of which is to relax your blood vessels.
Free radicals are formed inside your mitochondria, which are the thousands of tiny power plants inside each of your cells. As mitochondria break down the food you eat for energy, they produce free radicals as waste.
You can think of it like this. A car engine generates energy by combustion (burning gasoline) to produce energy. In this process, complete combustion leads to the byproducts of Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor, both of which are not toxic. Incomplete combustion, however, occurs 5-10% of the time and produces Carbon Monoxide, a toxic chemical.
Similarly, the mitochondria in your cells breakdown glucose (from food) in order to produce ATP (Energy Currency of Cells). In this process, 2-5% of all of the oxygen you breathe convert into Free Radicals.
The amount of free radicals formed inside the cells is influenced by your lifestyle and your environment. Just like how an older car that is not well maintained produces more pollution (Smog), as you age and live without taking good care of your body, you are prone to increased free radical production.
Free radicals form naturally as a byproduct of living life. However, depending on your lifestyle, diet, and environment more free radicals can form inside your cells. Check below to see which free radical producers you are exposed to on a daily basis.
Free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide are utilized by your cells or they are neutralized by antioxidant enzymes in your cells readily. However, when there is an excess of free radicals, these free radicals have a high chance of converting into hydroxyl radicals.
Hydroxyl radicals are highly reactive, meaning they will steal an electron from just about any molecule including DNA, protein, lipids, etc. Continuous free radical damage caused by hydroxyl radicals can lead to health challenges.
Since hydroxyl radicals react with almost anything, typical antioxidants don’t even have a chance to neutralize them before these free radicals damage the molecules in your cells.
Hydroxyl radicals can damage DNA, which may lead to mutations. Hydroxyl radicals can damage Mitochondria, which makes the mitochondria less efficient at producing energy. This also leads to increased free radical production. Hydroxyl radicals can damage cells, which may lead to some health challenges if the damage is sustained continuously.
As you can see, Hydroxyl Radicals can cause a lot of damage inside your cells. It’s important that Hydroxyl Radicals are taken care of before they cause a significant amount of damage in your cells.
2-5% of all the oxygen you breathe turns into Free Radicals! Since you consume 145 gallons (550 liters) of oxygen per day at rest, you produce about 3 gallons (11 liters) to 7 gallons (28 liters) of FREE RADICALS in your cells every day!
MORE THAN A 5 GALLON JUG OF FREE RADICALS ARE PRODUCED IN YOUR CELLS, EVERY DAY OF YOUR LIFE.
As you age, from a teen to your 40’s, 50’s and, 60’s, the antioxidant power of your cells decreases significantly. Less antioxidant power means your cells become more and more susceptible to oxidative stress damage caused by free radicals.
OXIDATIVE STRESS = RUSTING OF YOUR CELLS
Molecular hydrogen has been found to be the most powerful and versatile antioxidant. Molecular Hydrogen is the hero your cells need to bring back the balance in the war between free radicals and antioxidants.
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